Conjugation Reference
Quick rules and tables for the drill. Keep this open in another tab while you practice to check your work.
Verb Types
Godan (Group 1)
End in an βu-rowβ kana (γ/γ/γ/γ/γ€/γ¬/γΆ/γ/γ). The last kana changes.
Ichidan (Group 2)
Often end in γ after an i/e sound. Drop γ, then add suffix.
Irregular (Group 3)
γγ, ζ₯γ, and the θ‘γ te/ta exception.
Quick Examples
θ‘γ (te/ta)θ‘γ£γ¦ / θ‘γ£γ
ζΈγ (te)ζΈγγ¦
ι£γΉγ (nai)ι£γΉγͺγ
ζ₯γ (te)ζ₯γ¦
ι«γ (past)ι«γγ£γ
ιγ (neg)ιγγγγͺγ
Godan Transformation Table
Exception: θ‘γ becomes θ‘γ£γ¦ / θ‘γ£γ (not γγ¦).
Ichidan Rules
Always drop γ first.
Te/Ta
γ¦ / γ
Negative
γͺγ
Polite
γΎγ / γΎγγ
Adjectives
i-adjectivesDrop γ first
Pastγγ£γ
Negγγͺγ
na-adjectivesKeep stem
Pastγ γ£γ
Negγγγͺγ